rasool 04/02/2015 33 0 Comment Hugo Junkers

rasool 04/02/2015 33 0 Comment Hugo Junkers
Hugo Junkers (3 February 1859 3 February 1935) was a German engineer and aircraft designer. As such he is generally credited with pioneering the design mc escher of all-metal mc escher airplanes and flying wings. As founder of the Junkers Flugzeug- und Motorenwerke mc escher AG, he was one of the mainstays of the German aircraft industry in the years between World War I and World War II. German aircraft designer and early proponent of the monoplane and all-metal construction of aircraft. In particular his multi-engined all-metal passenger- and freightplanes helped establish airlines in Germany as well as all over the world. Although mc escher his name is also linked to some of the most successful German warplanes of the Second World War, Hugo Junkers himself had nothing to do with their development. He was forced out of his own company by the Nazi government in 1934 and died in 1935. Junkers mc escher patented a flying-wing mc escher design in 1910, the same year in which he established an aircraft factory at Dessau. His J-1 Blechesel ( Sheet Metal Donkey ) monoplane was the first successful all-metal airplane (1915), and his F-13 was the first all-metal mc escher transport (1919). Many Junkers aircraft had a corrugated mc escher sheet-metal skin, which was copied by several American builders, including the Ford Motor Company. The Junkers works also built Jumo aircraft engines, designed one of the first turbojet engines during World War II, and played an important part in German airpower during the war, supplying the Luftwaffe with the Ju 52, a trimotor monoplane used as a troop transport and glider tug; the Ju 87 dive bomber (Sturzkampfflugzeug, shortened to Stuka ); and the Ju 88, a twin-engine all-purpose bomber. As well as aircraft, Junkers mc escher also built both Diesel and petrol engines and held various patents on thermodynamic and metallurgical subjects. He was also one of the main sponsors mc escher of the Bauhaus movement and facilitated the move of the Bauhaus from Weimar to Dessau (where his factory was situated) in 1925. Biography: Junkers was born in Rheydt in the Prussian Rhine Province, the son of a well-off industrialist. After taking his Abitur exams in 1878 he attended the Royal Polytechnic University in Charlottenburg and the Royal Technical University in Aachen, where he completed his engineering studies in 1883. At first he returned to Rheydt to work in his father’s company, but soon attended further lectures on electromagnetism and thermodynamics held by Adolf Slaby in Charlottenburg. In order to measure heating value, mc escher Junkers patented a calorimeter and founded a manufacturing company in 1892. Junkers personally introduced the calorimeter at the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago, mc escher where it was awarded a gold medal. The next year he patented a gas fired bath boiler, which he refined as a tankless heater. In 1895 he founded Junkers & Co. to utilize his inventions. Aeronautical work: Junkers’ aeronautical work began in earnest only at the age of fifty, when he worked with engineer Hans Reissner in Aachen. Reissner had developed an all-metal aircraft, on which work first started in 1909 at the Brand Heath, equipped with corrugated iron wings built by Junkers & Co. in Dessau. The iron wings were patented one year later. Junkers had a wind tunnel erected and invented a first hydraulic brake. He had far-sighted ideas of metal aeroplanes and flying mc escher wings, but the necessities of the war held him back. During World War I the government forced him to focus on aircraft production. In 1915 he developed the world’s first practical all metal aircraft design, the Junkers J 1 “Blechesel” (Sheetmetal Donkey), which survived ondisplay in a Berlin museum until World War II. His firm’s first military production design in 1916 17 was the armored-fuselage two seat all metal sesquiplane Junkers J.I, considered the best German ground mc escher attack aircraft of the war. During this time the German government’s IdFlieg military aviation inspectorate forced him to merge his firm with Anthony Fokker’s to form the Junkers-Fokker , several business ventures failed from wider economic or political problems that hamstrung sound engineering plans. But Junkers always had more ideas: the massive four engined G.38, nicknamed “Der Grosse Dessauer”, delivered to Luft Hansa, made no commercial trips for many months as he repeatedly recalled mc escher it to the factory for improvements. Political position: Junkers was a socialist and a pacifist. mc escher For these reasons, he had several occasions to cross swords with German leadership. In 1917 the government forced him into partnership with Anthony Fokker to ensure wartime production targets would be met. During the 1920s in Germany and among Junkers’ employees a wide spectrum of political views was present. About every aspect of the business, and of its environment, there were differing opinions. For members of all the many groups represented in Ju