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In 1808, John Dalton argued pendapatnaya about atoms. Dalton's atomic theory is based on two laws: the law of conservation of mass (Lavoisier law) and legal permanent arrangement (Prouts law). Lavosier stated that "The total mass of the substances before the reaction will always be equal to the total mass of substances reaction products". While Prouts stated that "Comparison of mass elements heavy in a compound always remain". The second law of Dalton point about the atom as follows:
However, the atomic structure did not last long because the atomic structure is still not able to explain and give reasons why the different elements have different properties and characteristics, so this theory has failed.
The weakness of Dalton repaired by JJ. Thomson, his experiment kotoda ray tube. By the early 1900s, JJ Thomson proposed a new atomic model that incorporates the presence of particles of electrons and protons. Because experiments showed proton heavy has a mass much greater than the electron, the atom model of Thomson describe as a large single proton. In the proton particles, Thomson enter their electrons neutralize heavy the positive charge of the proton. According heavy to Thomson, the atom consists heavy of a positively charged sphere with a uniform charge density. In the positive charge is spread electrons heavy with a negative charge equal to the positive charge. A popular way to describe this model is to think of the electrons as raisins (plumb) in proton pudding cake, so this model is the model name of raisin cake (plumb-pudding model). Although Thomson's atomic model is the first to incorporate the concept of the existence of protons and electrons are charged, the model is not able to pass through observation Thomson in subsequent experiments. For the record, the protons used in Thomson's model of proton particle is not found in the more modern models. In fact it can be said Thomson models do not have protons, but a positively charged cell. Effect of Dalton's atomic model can be clearly seen on the model Thomson. Dalton heavy speculated that atoms were solid, and Thomson supports this idea in the model by grouping of electrons and protons together.
In 1910, Ernest Rutherford, along with two of his disciples (Hans Geiger and Erners Masreden) conducted experiments on the truth of this model to do that is now known as the Rutherford scattering experiment. Rutherford discovered α particles, a particle emitted by radioactive atoms, in 1909. These particles have a positive charge, and the fact is we now know that the α particles heavy such as atoms of helium released from electrons, giving it a 2+ charge. In this scattering experiment, α particles flow is directed to the gold sheet. The sheets have been selected by Rutherford's gold because it can be made very thin only a few atoms thick gold. When α particles across a sheet of gold, Rutherford can measure heavy how many particles α to be scattered by gold atoms with α particles observed flashing lights crashing scintilator screen. Based on the fact that 1 in 20,000 alpha particles will be deflected. When the ratio of 1: 20,000 is the ratio of the diameter, the size of the nuclei obtained approximately 10,000 smaller than the overall size of the atom. Thus, under the Thomson heavy atomic theory, posits Rutherfod α particles will be deflected slightly, while gold reject heavy particles α protons are positively charged high.
But in fact, Rutherford scattering experiment showed results reject the hypothesis Thomson atomic model. Rutherfod find most of the alpha particles can penetrate the gold sheet without deflected. At the same time, Rutherford also found alpha particles are deflected slightly, but with a very surprising, Rutherford also found some alpha particles were deflected at a very sharp angle back to the radioactive source.
To explain the presence heavy of the majority of α particles that penetrate the gold sheet without deflected, Rutherford then develop a model of the atomic nucleus. In this model, Rutherford put a large proton (such as experiments and previous heavy models) in the center heavy of the atom. Rutherford theorized that around protons are big empty spaces of all particles except electrons are sparse. This large open space which gives the reason for the alpha particles are not deflected. Alpha particles were deflected slightly estimated to have passed choke
In 1808, John Dalton argued pendapatnaya about atoms. Dalton's atomic theory is based on two laws: the law of conservation of mass (Lavoisier law) and legal permanent arrangement (Prouts law). Lavosier stated that "The total mass of the substances before the reaction will always be equal to the total mass of substances reaction products". While Prouts stated that "Comparison of mass elements heavy in a compound always remain". The second law of Dalton point about the atom as follows:
However, the atomic structure did not last long because the atomic structure is still not able to explain and give reasons why the different elements have different properties and characteristics, so this theory has failed.
The weakness of Dalton repaired by JJ. Thomson, his experiment kotoda ray tube. By the early 1900s, JJ Thomson proposed a new atomic model that incorporates the presence of particles of electrons and protons. Because experiments showed proton heavy has a mass much greater than the electron, the atom model of Thomson describe as a large single proton. In the proton particles, Thomson enter their electrons neutralize heavy the positive charge of the proton. According heavy to Thomson, the atom consists heavy of a positively charged sphere with a uniform charge density. In the positive charge is spread electrons heavy with a negative charge equal to the positive charge. A popular way to describe this model is to think of the electrons as raisins (plumb) in proton pudding cake, so this model is the model name of raisin cake (plumb-pudding model). Although Thomson's atomic model is the first to incorporate the concept of the existence of protons and electrons are charged, the model is not able to pass through observation Thomson in subsequent experiments. For the record, the protons used in Thomson's model of proton particle is not found in the more modern models. In fact it can be said Thomson models do not have protons, but a positively charged cell. Effect of Dalton's atomic model can be clearly seen on the model Thomson. Dalton heavy speculated that atoms were solid, and Thomson supports this idea in the model by grouping of electrons and protons together.
In 1910, Ernest Rutherford, along with two of his disciples (Hans Geiger and Erners Masreden) conducted experiments on the truth of this model to do that is now known as the Rutherford scattering experiment. Rutherford discovered α particles, a particle emitted by radioactive atoms, in 1909. These particles have a positive charge, and the fact is we now know that the α particles heavy such as atoms of helium released from electrons, giving it a 2+ charge. In this scattering experiment, α particles flow is directed to the gold sheet. The sheets have been selected by Rutherford's gold because it can be made very thin only a few atoms thick gold. When α particles across a sheet of gold, Rutherford can measure heavy how many particles α to be scattered by gold atoms with α particles observed flashing lights crashing scintilator screen. Based on the fact that 1 in 20,000 alpha particles will be deflected. When the ratio of 1: 20,000 is the ratio of the diameter, the size of the nuclei obtained approximately 10,000 smaller than the overall size of the atom. Thus, under the Thomson heavy atomic theory, posits Rutherfod α particles will be deflected slightly, while gold reject heavy particles α protons are positively charged high.
But in fact, Rutherford scattering experiment showed results reject the hypothesis Thomson atomic model. Rutherfod find most of the alpha particles can penetrate the gold sheet without deflected. At the same time, Rutherford also found alpha particles are deflected slightly, but with a very surprising, Rutherford also found some alpha particles were deflected at a very sharp angle back to the radioactive source.
To explain the presence heavy of the majority of α particles that penetrate the gold sheet without deflected, Rutherford then develop a model of the atomic nucleus. In this model, Rutherford put a large proton (such as experiments and previous heavy models) in the center heavy of the atom. Rutherford theorized that around protons are big empty spaces of all particles except electrons are sparse. This large open space which gives the reason for the alpha particles are not deflected. Alpha particles were deflected slightly estimated to have passed choke
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